Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Interview with Khodorkovsky's daughter Anastasia Life after the release of Mikhail Khodorkovsky

Inna Khodorkovskaya is a modern image of a Decembrist wife. She is an example of fortitude and boundless love for her husband. Despite the high-profile hearing of the case and his ten-year detention, Inna did not leave her husband, supporting him in every possible way and raising three young children. Read more about this woman and her life further in the article.

Inna's childhood

The future wife of millionaire Khodorkovsky, Inna Valentinovna, was born in 1969 in Medvedkovo (Moscow). As a child, Inna could not even dream that she would dress in expensive boutiques, relax at the best resorts and hide from annoying journalists.

In her youth, Inna Khodorkovskaya lived quite poorly. Together with her mother and older sister, our heroine huddled in a communal apartment. Information about Inna's father is not disclosed. She herself admits that she doesn’t remember dad. But she remembers very well how difficult it was for her mother to get her daughters back on their feet. She spun around as if her beauties needed nothing.

Over time, life became a little easier. The family received their own housing in a residential area. Now the girls did not have to share living space with neighbors and wait for their turn in the shower.

But the happiness did not last long. When Inna Khodorkovskaya was still in school, she had to go through a severe shock. Her sister died. This was a real shock for our heroine, who lost her closest friend.

Education

There was no one else to rely on. The mother still continued to work and hide from grief at work. And Inna Khodorkovskaya had to grow up early. After graduating from the 10th grade of high school in 1986, our heroine entered the Mendeleev Moscow Art Institute. The girl decided to study in the evening department in order to be able to work and help her mother. In the same year, she got a job at the Komsomol as an accountant and was responsible for accounting for Komsomol contributions. However, Inna Khodorkovskaya's higher education remained unfinished.

Meet Mikhail

While working in the Komsomol, our heroine met Mikhail. From this moment on, the biography of Inna Khodorkovskaya will change dramatically.

The famous businessman at that time was officially married to his first wife. However, their relationship was not saved even by the birth of their son Gleb. One day, 23-year-old Mikhail met the young beauty Inna and realized that this girl was his destiny.

The relationship began very quickly. Inna, who did not know her father's love, gratefully accepted Mikhail's care. As she herself admitted to journalists, Khodorkovsky replaced her father, husband, and sister, who was the same age as Mikhail and passed away at such a young age.

In 1987, Mikhail Khodorkovsky settled his beloved closer to him - at the Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of Youth. At first she was a secretary, then became the head of the personnel department.

Family

Inna and Khodorkovsky very soon began to live together. Despite such a young age, our heroine was accustomed to work and turned out to be an excellent housewife. It became increasingly difficult to combine family life, work and study, and soon our heroine dropped out of college and stopped building a career.

However, later she will begin to act as an expert in the foreign exchange department of the MENATEP bank, headed by her husband.

Photos of Inna Khodorkovskaya in the company of Mikhail filled the press. And the businessman himself did not hide the fact of his divorce. Nevertheless, he was in no hurry to call his new chosen one down the aisle. The Khodorkovskys officially registered their marriage only after the birth of their daughter Nastya in 1991.

Eight years later, the Khodorkovsky Family has almost doubled in size. In 1999, they became the happy parents of twins. The boys were named Ilya and Gleb.

Despite the fact that the Khodorkovskys were very wealthy people, they lived in a rented apartment for a long time. And only in 2000 they moved to their own house in Zhukovka, and after a while they became the owners of a mansion in the area of ​​​​the old Arbat.

The life of Inna Khodorkovskaya was similar to the story of Cinderella, who met a handsome prince. Mikhail adored his wife and was ready to fulfill her every whim, but in 2003 everything changed.

Arrest of husband

On October 25, 2003, Mikhail Khodorkovsky was charged with major fraud and tax evasion. The businessman was taken into custody. Early next month, he announced that he was leaving the position of chairman of the board of NK Yukos.

The trial lasted a year and a half and took a lot of energy from the Khodorkovskys. The best lawyers were unable to achieve a not guilty verdict for the businessman. At the end of May 2005, Khodorkovsky was sentenced to nine years in prison. A month later, this decision was appealed, and the term was reduced to eight years in prison.

Inna Khodorkovskaya took this event seriously, but behaved very courageously. She has three children left in her arms. Nastya was already quite mature and understood perfectly well what was happening. But for a long time the twins were told that dad was on a business trip. All this time, the devoted wife went on dates with her husband and collected packages for him. After some time, she arrived not alone, but with children. It was the most touching moment, the couple admit.

All these ten years, Inna Khodorkovskaya lived in a feeling of fear. The woman was preparing for new shocks, but she understood that the children and the future of the whole family were on her shoulders. This did not allow the fragile Inna to break.

Life after the release of Mikhail Khodorkovsky

During the time that Mikhail spent behind bars, his eldest son Pavel from his first marriage managed to get married and give birth to a granddaughter to Khodorkovsky. And Inna was finally able to exhale and once again become a fragile woman behind a strong man. The children have grown up.

Today, the Khodorkovskys all live together in Switzerland. Mikhail continues to manage the investment fund. They managed to overcome all difficulties together and maintain love.

Family

Born into a family of engineers. Boris Moiseevich Khodorkovsky, pensioner, was a street child as a child; worked as deputy chief technologist of the Kalibr plant; mother Marina Filippovna worked as an engineer at the same plant.

First marriage - with Elena Dobrovolskaya. According to Khodorkovsky, his first student marriage was unsuccessful, but he maintained a good relationship with his ex-wife.

Son Paul(born 1985), lives in the USA. In December 2009, Pavel’s daughter Diana was born.

Second marriage (since 1991) - Inna Valentinovna Khodorkovskaya(born in 1969), employee, at that time, of the MENATEP bank.

Daughter - Anastasia(born April 26, 1991) and two twins: Ilya And Gleb(born April 17, 1999). As of 2013, they live and study in Switzerland.

Biography

In 1970 I went to school and graduated in 1980.

In 1981 he entered the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology (MHTI) named after D.I. Mendeleev, who graduated in 1986 with a diploma in the specialty "technological engineer".

In parallel with his studies at the institute, he worked until November 1985 as a carpenter at the Etalon housing cooperative (housing construction cooperative). In 1986 he was elected a member of the Sverdlovsk district committee of the Komsomol.

In 1986-1987 he was deputy secretary of the Frunzensky district committee of the Komsomol (secretary - Sergei Monakhov). Was a member of the CPSU.

In 1987, together with Sergei Monakhov And Platon Lebedev organized at the Frunzensky district committee of the Komsomol the Center for Intersectoral Scientific and Technical Programs (TSMSTP) - the Youth Initiative Fund, which functioned in the system of NTTM ("scientific and technical creativity of youth") centers under the Komsomol and under the auspices of the State Committee for Science and Technology. He was appointed director of the TsMNTP under the Frunzensky district committee and remained in this position until April 1989.

TsMNTP was engaged in the import and sale of computers, the brewing of jeans, the sale of alcoholic beverages (including counterfeit cognac) and other businesses that at that time brought high profits. At the same time, the Center earned money from the so-called cashing out of funds.

In 1988, the total turnover of trade and intermediary operations of NTTM amounted to 80 million rubles. Subsequently, Khodorkovsky said that it was then that he earned his first big money - 160,000 rubles, which he received for a special development from the Institute of High Temperatures of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

However, Frankfurter Rundschau calls these transactions “transactions of a dubious nature with money intended for settlements between state-owned enterprises,” which, along with the import of computers and counterfeit cognac, as well as currency tricks, became the basis of Khodorkovsky’s wealth.

In 1988 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of National Economy (MINKh) named after. G.V. Plekhanov.

By the beginning of the 1990s, there were already more than 600 centers for scientific and technical creativity of youth in the USSR, and formally they were called upon to introduce new scientific and technical developments into production and disseminate scientific literature.

In 1989, the Frunze branch of the Housing and Social Bank of the USSR and NTTM established the CIB NTP (Commercial Innovation Bank of Scientific and Technological Progress).

In 1990, CIB NTP, having purchased NTTM from the Moscow City Council, renamed itself the Interbank Association "MENATEP" (short for "Interbank Association of Scientific and Technical Progress" or "Interindustry Scientific and Technical Programs"). Khodorkovsky became chairman of the board of Menatep, Nevzlin and Golubovich - deputy chairman of the board, Dubov - head of the department of subsidiary banks and the financial group.

In 1990, Menatep was one of the first commercial banks in Russia to receive a license from the State Bank of the USSR.

Menatep carried out active transactions with currency, and also sold its shares to individuals, using television advertising for these purposes. The sale of shares brought Menatep 2.3 million rubles, but the population who bought the shares did not receive any decent dividends.

Subsequently, Menatep’s connections with the authorities expanded. Khodorkovsky and Nevzlin became advisers to Russian Prime Minister Ivan Silaev, and also established relations with the Minister of Fuel and Energy Vladimir Lopukhin. Thanks to this, Menatep received permission to service the funds of the Ministry of Finance, the State Tax Service, and later the state company Rosvooruzheniye, which was engaged in the export of arms.

In March 1992, through the efforts of Lopukhin, Khodorkovsky was appointed president of the Fund for Promoting Investments in the Fuel and Energy Complex with the rights of Deputy Minister of Fuel and Energy. The Foundation has not implemented a single project. While running the foundation, Khodorkovsky met V.S. Chernomyrdin, in December 1992, became chairman of the Russian government.

In November 1992, he took part in the initiative group "Entrepreneurial Political Initiative" (EPI) Konstantina Zatulina.

In March 1993, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Fuel and Energy Yuri Shafranik(one of the Deputy Ministers of Fuel and Energy at that time was Alexander Samusev, who later went to work at MENATEP).

In 1993, Khodorkovsky was also a financial adviser to Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin.

In April 1993, Khodorkovsky, Alexander Smolensky(Bank "Stolichny"), Vladimir Gusinsky("MOST-Bank") and Yuri Agapov(“Kredobank”) jointly established an open joint-stock company with the code name “Plastic Cards of Russia” to issue credit magnetic cards and to service settlements with foreign partners.

On March 30, 1995, he took part in a government meeting, where for the first time a proposal was made by a consortium of Russian banks for a loan to the government secured by federal stakes in privatized enterprises.

In July 1995, Khodorkovsky sent a letter to First Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets with a proposal to give state ownership of 10% of the shares of MENATEP Bank in exchange for 45% of the shares of the state oil company Yukos Oil Company, which was in a state of crisis. This proposal was not accepted. accepted.

From September 1995 to May 1996, Khodorkovsky was chairman of the board of directors of ZAO ROSPROM. "Rosprom" is the holding company of MENATEP Bank, which managed the bank's industrial enterprises.

On November 9, 1995, a joint press conference between YUKOS and MENATEP was held, at which it was announced that the bank would supervise, on behalf of the state, both the investment competition and the loans-for-shares auction of the oil company.

November 26, 1995 President of Inkombank Igor Vinogradov, President of Russian Credit Bank Anatoly Malkin and the chairman of the board of Alfa Bank made a statement “On the financial problems of privatization, the relationship between the MENATEP bank and some government structures.” The statement said that Inkombank, Russian Credit and Alfa Bank are ready to unite into a consortium and compete with Menatep.

In March 1996, Khodorkovsky took part in a meeting of a group of bankers (Vladimir Gusinsky, Boris Berezovsky, Vladimir Vinogradov, Alexander Smolensky, Khodorkovsky) with President Boris Yeltsin and Anatoly Chubais, which resulted in the creation of an analytical group at Yeltsin's election headquarters, headed by Chubais.

In April 1996, a team of managers of the MENATEP bank, headed by Khodorkovsky, joined the management of NK YUKOS.

In May 1996, Khodorkovsky was appointed chairman of the board of JSC ROSPROM.

On April 12, 1996, Khodorkovsky left the post of chairman of the board of MENATEP bank, retaining the post of chairman of the board of directors of the bank.

On April 20, 1996, Khodorkovsky was appointed first vice-president of JSC NK YUKOS (president - S. Muravlenko). He was subordinate to eight vice-presidents in areas (two other vice-presidents had the same number of vice-presidents subordinate to him). Khodorkovsky was in charge of oil refining, chemistry and petrochemicals, domestic sales and exports, investment policy, finance and work with securities.

On June 4, 1996, Khodorkovsky was elected chairman of the board of directors of OJSC NK YUKOS..

In July 1996, after the presidential elections, Khodorkovsky received an invitation to join the newly formed government, but did not accept it.

On July 25, 1996, he received gratitude for his active participation in organizing and conducting the election campaign of President Yeltsin.

In October 1996, he was included in the Council on Banking Activities under the Government of the Russian Federation.

In January 1998, Khodorkovsky became one of the initiators of the creation of the oil holding LLC YUKSI, which included the oil companies YUKOS and Sibneft.

On June 5, 1998, Khodorkovsky, together with a number of leading Russian financial and industrial figures, signed the “Appeal from Representatives of Russian Business” regarding the economic situation in the Russian Federation (that is, the impending default).

In September 1998, together with a number of executives of leading oil companies, he signed (on behalf of YUKOS-Moscow and the Eastern Oil Company) an appeal to the Government of the Russian Federation proposing a version of an anti-crisis program.

As a result of the default in August 1998, MENATEP Bank actually went bankrupt.

On May 18, 1999, the Central Bank deprived Bank MENATEP of its license to carry out banking operations.

In October 1999, Khodorkovsky was relieved of his duties as a member of the board of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation. In October 1999, the Ministry of Fuel and Energy announced its intention to file a claim for protection of reputation against Khodorkovsky. The reason was Khodorkovsky’s interview with the Vedomosti newspaper on October 4, 1999, in which Khodorkovsky announced the Ministry of Fuel and Energy’s intention to “create a reserve fund of the ministry with an export quota of five million tons” in order to “give it to whoever needs it.”

Since 2000 - President of NK "YUKOS".

Since October 2000 - member of the Entrepreneurship Council under the Government of the Russian Federation.

In November 2000, he was elected as a member of the bureau of the board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP).

In March 2002, he was one of the initiators of a letter from 30 businessmen and deputies of the chambers of the Federal Assembly to Russian President Vladimir Putin, in which they expressed dissatisfaction with the refusal of the Russian Pension Fund and representatives of the government’s social block to demonstratively comply with the agreements reached in 2001 as part of a discussion between employers and the Pension Fund on pension reform.

On February 19, 2003, at a meeting between Putin and representatives of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Khodorkovsky told the president that, according to Russian entrepreneurs, about $30 billion was spent on corruption in 2002, which is 10-12% of the country's GDP.

At this meeting, there was also a public spat between the president and Khodorkovsky. Khodorkovsky hoped to find understanding from the president regarding Rosneft’s purchase of the assets of Severnaya Neft, but he ran into a harsh answer like: “How did you privatize YUKOS?”

According to “leaks” from the president’s entourage, Putin also did not like the fact that Khodorovsky, the only one of the meeting participants, was wearing a sweater (and, accordingly, no tie).

On April 7, 2003, Khodorkovsky stated: “I give my political preferences to the SPS and Yabloko and am ready to direct personal funds to finance them.” He planned to encourage democratic leaders to create a political bloc in 2003-2004, led by Vladimir Ryzhkov, based on Yabloko, the Union of Right Forces and independent democrats.

On July 2, 2003, in Moscow, the chairman of the board of directors of the Menatep MFO, Platon Lebedev, was arrested on charges of theft in 1994 of a 20% stake in Apatit OJSC, previously owned by the state, in the amount of $283.142 million.

On July 4, 2003, Khodorkovsky was summoned to the Prosecutor General's Office to testify in this case together with his former deputy Nevzlin. After leaving the Prosecutor General's Office, Khodorkovsky said that the investigation was not interested in issues related to the activities of the YUKOS company.

On July 5, 2003, Khodorkovsky, speaking about the reasons for the actions of the Prosecutor General's Office against YUKOS, said: “My opinion is that we are dealing with a struggle for power that has begun between various wings in the inner circle of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. This is the beginning of a struggle for power that will have to end after elections in March. It is absolutely clear today, at least for me, that Putin will win and get a second term. But at the same time, who will make up the second echelon of the team is, of course, a question for today."

On July 9, 2003, the Prosecutor General's Office began checking the request of a State Duma deputy Mikhail Bugera, who claimed that Yukos underpaid taxes in 2002.

At the same time, at the RUIE bureau, Khodorkovsky said that under no circumstances should one “beg” the authorities to soften Lebedev’s fate and stop the prosecution of YUKOS by the prosecutor’s office, whose actions he called illegitimate and even “an attack by bandits in uniform.” The main thing is to show the president that raids by security forces on large companies call into question the country’s current credit and investment ratings.

On October 25, 2003, Khodorkovsky was detained at Tolmachevo airport in Novosibirsk, sent on a special flight to Moscow and placed in the Matrosskaya Tishina pre-trial detention center.

On the same day, the Prosecutor General's Office charged him under several articles of the Russian Criminal Code.

He was accused of stealing someone else's property by deception as part of an organized group on a large scale; malicious failure to comply with a court decision that has entered into legal force by representatives of a commercial organization; causing property damage to owners through deception, in the absence of signs of theft committed by an organized group on a large scale; evasion of taxes from an organization on an especially large scale by a group of persons by prior conspiracy, repeatedly; evasion of an individual from paying tax or insurance contribution to state extra-budgetary funds, committed on an especially large scale; falsification of official documents, committed repeatedly; waste of other people's property.

In 2004 he refused to finance the presidential campaign Irina Khakamada(“I respect and highly value Irina Khakamada, but unlike my partner Leonid Nevzlin, I refused to finance her presidential campaign, because I saw alarming outlines of untruth in this campaign. For example: no matter how you treat Putin, you cannot - because it is unfair - blame him in the tragedy "Nord-Ost.").

A year later, in the summer of 2005, Vedomosti published a second article by Mikhail Khodorkovsky entitled “Left Turn,” which was a continuation of the spring 2004 publication.

On January 12, 2005, Khodorkovsky confirmed the information that he had transferred the right to dispose of 60% of the shares of Group Menatep and its main asset - YUKOS - to Leonid Nevzlin.

On January 23, 2005, the Federal Bailiff Service announced that all funds of Khodorkovsky and Lebedev in their personal accounts in Russian banks were seized by court order to pay off debts.

The court found Khodorkovsky and Lebedev guilty:

• in double fraud - taking over 44% of the shares of OJSC NIUIF in 1995 (Article 147 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR) and returning from the budget a tax overpayment of 407 million rubles. in 1999-2000 (Article 159 part 3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
• in malicious failure to comply with a court decision - for failure to return shares of NIUIF contrary to the decision of the Moscow arbitration in 1997 and for failure to return 20% of the shares of Apatit according to the decision of the same arbitration in 1998 (Article 315 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
• in appropriating proceeds from the export of apatite concentrate in 1995-2002 (Article 160 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
• in causing damage to other owners of Apatit by understating its profits by 6 billion rubles. (Article 165 part 3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
• in non-payment by Yukos traders registered in preferential tax zones, by 17 billion rubles. in 1999-2000 (Article 198 part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
• in tax evasion (Khodorkovsky - by 54.5 million rubles, Lebedev - by 7.27 million rubles) (Article 198 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Khodorkovsky was also found guilty of misappropriation and embezzlement by transferring 2.648 billion rubles to the structures of Vladimir Gusinsky in 1999-2000. (Article 160 part 3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Khodorkovsky and Lebedev were released from punishment due to the expiration of the statute of limitations on charges of fraudulent acquisition of 20% of the shares of Apatit OJSC through an investment competition, which was won by Volna JSC in 1994.

On May 31, 2005, Khodorkovsky and Lebedev were each sentenced to 9 years in prison in a general regime colony.

At the end of 2006, Khodorkovsky and Lebedev were transferred from colonies to a pre-trial detention center in connection with the investigation of a new criminal case against them. Businessmen were accused of laundering 450 billion rubles and 7.5 billion dollars between 1998 and 2004. Both insist they are innocent.

On February 5, 2007, the Prosecutor General's Office brought new charges against Khodorkovsky for money laundering and theft by embezzlement. Similar charges were brought against Lebedev on the same day. The amount in question was about $23–25 billion. According to Schmidt’s lawyer, Khodorkovsky said that he was ready to refute all charges, but he would testify only on the condition that violations of his rights cease, in particular, if he is transferred to Moscow: “Charges "It's impossible to call it 'absurd': it's too mild. The accusation is delusional simply because it is impossible for anyone, anywhere, and ever to steal such an amount. This is more than the company's revenue," Schmidt said.

In August 2007, the Federal Court of Switzerland satisfied the claims of Khodorkovsky and Lebedev, as well as a number of companies associated with them, and unblocked their bank accounts in this country for a total of 200 million francs (more than $166 million). The court also spoke out against further provision of legal assistance to Russia in the Yukos case, since it considered the criminal prosecution of Khodorkovsky and Lebedev to be politically motivated. This is the first decision by a Swiss federal court to refuse legal assistance to a foreign state.

On October 15, 2007, ten days before Khodorkovsky was halfway through his eight-year sentence, he was reprimanded for not holding his hands behind his back as prison rules dictate when returning from a walk. The reprimand deprived Khodorkovsky of the right to apply for parole.

On November 7, 2007, a letter from Khodorkovsky was made public, in which he called on citizens to be sure to come to the State Duma elections on December 2, 2007 and vote “for any of the small parties that do not cause contempt.” According to Khodorkovsky, this will be a signal from everyone to the authorities: “I am not a slave and not a cattle.”

On July 16, 2008, a petition for parole (parole) was submitted to the Ingodinsky District Court of Chita on behalf of Khodorkovsky's defense.

On August 21, 2008, the district court began to consider the petition. The judge denied Khodorkovsky parole, citing the fact that he had an outstanding fine, did not receive any incentives from the colony, and deviated from the work prescribed by the management of the correctional institution.

In September 2008, Khodorkovsky, through his lawyers, gave a written interview to The Moscow Times, in which he supported the entry of Russian troops into South Ossetia and approved the recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia ("It is obvious that Saakashvili, relying on the support of the West, decided to start a risky military operation without US approval and overestimated the chances of receiving support").

At the beginning of October 2008, the court extended Khodorkovsky's detention in the pre-trial detention center until February 2, 2009.

On October 8, 2008, Khodorkovsky was sent by the leadership of the Chita pre-trial detention center to a punishment cell for 12 days. The reason for the penalty was an interview he gave to writer Boris Akunin for Esquire magazine.

On February 24, 2009, lawyers visited Khodorkovsky and Lebedev, who were brought from Chita to Moscow for trial in their second criminal case of embezzlement and money laundering.

On March 3, 2009, preliminary hearings in the case of Khodorkovsky and Lebedev began in the Khamovnichesky Court of Moscow.

On March 31, 2009, the trial began. The defense of the defendants demanded that almost all former and current Russian officials of the first echelon who, in their opinion, were directly related to the commercial activities of the Yukos Oil Company, as well as the heads of security and law enforcement agencies involved in the investigation of both criminal cases of Khodorkovsky and Lebedev, be summoned to court.

Among the defense witnesses were Putin and Sechin, with whom Khodorkovsky, as he himself explained to the court, personally coordinated all his commercial projects, oil prices, fuel consumers and methods of transportation.

According to the defense, all of the listed witnesses knew about the YUKOS transactions, which the investigation called crimes, had the opportunity to stop them and must explain to the court why they did not do this. The accused, in turn, added that the “defense witnesses” were not only aware of their activities, but also helped them in the sale of oil, which the investigation calls “stolen.”

On April 7, 2009, the state prosecution began announcing the indictment. The defendants were accused of being part of an organized group in 1998-2003, committing theft by appropriating large volumes of oil from the subsidiaries of the oil-producing joint-stock companies of NK YUKOS - Samaraneftegaz, Yuganskneftegaz and Tomskneft VNK - amounting to more than 892 billion rubles. and in the legalization of money received from the sale of stolen oil in an amount exceeding 487 billion rubles. and $7.5 billion.

All these crimes, according to investigators, were committed by an organized group, which, in addition to the defendants, included Leonid Nevzlin, Dmitry Gololobov, Vasily Aleksanyan, Mikhail Brudno, and Vasily Shakhnovsky. According to prosecutor Lakhtin, on the instructions of Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Leonid Nevzlin was supposed to ensure the neutralization and counteraction of business competitors.

On May 21, 2009, it became known that the panel of judges of the European Court of Human Rights unanimously recognized as justified Khodorkovsky’s complaint against the Russian Federation regarding his illegal detention and arrest in Novosibirsk in October 2003, and the subsequent decisions of the Basmanny and Moscow City Courts, which extended his imprisonment for the time of investigation and consideration of his case in court on the merits, that appeals in courts against decisions on arrest and extension of detention" were considered with unacceptable delays", and that the applicant was detained in "degrading conditions human dignity".

By majority vote (the representative of Russia was against Anatoly Kovler) The European Court recognized the validity of the applicant Khodorkovsky’s complaint to the extent that his “criminal prosecution was politically motivated.”

June 15, 2009 Dmitry Dovgy(former head of the Main Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation) confirmed Aleksanyan's long-standing statement that the latter was offered a deal - freedom in exchange for testimony on Khodorkovsky. Dovgy himself was in custody at that time on charges of bribery.

On September 6, 2009, the German magazine Focus published an interview with Khodorkovsky, in which he expressed confidence that the second trial would end in life imprisonment for him (“They will try to keep me in prison until I die”).

In January 2010, Khodorkovsky and the writer were awarded the Znamya magazine prize for “Dialogues,” published in the 10th issue of the magazine for 2009.

On December 30, 2010, the court found Khodorkovsky and Lebedev guilty under Articles 160 and 174 Part 1 in the second Yukos case and decided to sentence Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Platon Lebedev to 14 years in prison on a cumulative basis with credit for previously served time.

Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Daniil Granin, Oleg Dorman, Alexander Arkhangelsky, Evgeniy Yasin, Sergey Bogdanchikov, Leonid Polezhaev and many others.

On February 14, 2011, an interview with Natalia Vasilyeva, press secretary of the Khamovnichesky court, in which she argued that the judge “consulted and listened to the opinion of the Moscow City Court” and the sentence was imposed on Danilkin against his will. The judge called this statement slander, and the Moscow City Court declared provocation.

By cassation ruling of the judicial panel for criminal cases of the Moscow City Court dated May 24, 2011, the verdict of the Khamovnichesky District Court in relation to Khodorkovsky and Lebedev was changed and their punishment was reduced to 13 years in prison for each, to be served in a general regime colony.

On May 27, 2011, Khodorkovsky and Lebedev filed petitions for parole with the Preobrazhensky District Court of Moscow, since the articles imputed to them provide for such an opportunity after serving half of the sentence of imprisonment, and out of the assigned 13 years they had served more than seven and a half. The court left the petitions without consideration.

In June 2011, Khodorkovsky was transferred to correctional colony No. 7 in the city of Segezha in Karelia and enrolled in a detachment that is engaged in work to ensure the life of the colony. After his release, Khodorkovsky spoke about his stay in the colony:

“Where I sat, exemplary order reigned. They began to restore it, as I was told, a month before my appearance. The general came to personally select a workplace for me, over which hung a video surveillance camera... And when they transferred me, they moved it.”

On February 24, 2012, lawyers for Khodorkovsky and Lebedev filed a joint supervisory appeal against the verdict in their second case with the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

In May 2012, a judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation A. Voronov refused to satisfy the supervisory appeal, but on July 24 it became known that the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Lebedev canceled Voronov's decision and initiated supervisory proceedings in the case.

On August 2, 2012, it became known that Khodorkovsky turned to the Russian Business Ombudsman with a request to conduct a public examination of the second criminal case. The letter indicated that his sentence and that of Platon Lebedev had become a “model” for a number of similar cases, and therefore entrepreneurs operating in Russia need to be aware of the risks facing them.

Khodorkovsky asks Titov to determine his attitude towards the validity of the second criminal case from a legal and economic position, and to take the necessary and possible steps to overturn the verdict and release those convicted in this case.

In response, Titov suggested that Khodorkovsky officially, according to the regulations, contact the center of public procedures “Business against Corruption.” “The procedure for working at the Center involves your official application, a legal audit and the conclusion of the Public Council,” Titov explained to Khodorkovsky.

On December 20, 2012, the Presidium of the Moscow City Court, having considered the case in a supervisory manner, reduced the sentences of Khodorkovsky and Lebedev from 13 to 11 years.

This was motivated by the reclassification of the charges in connection with the liberalization of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, the Presidium of the Moscow City Court excluded from the charges the indication of money laundering in the amount of more than 2 billion rubles, considering it too imputed.

Also, due to the expiration of the statute of limitations, the court terminated criminal prosecution for one of the episodes of tax evasion. In 2013, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, having considered a new supervisory complaint, reduced the term of imprisonment by another 2 months.

As a result, Lebedev should be released on May 2, 2014, Khodorkovsky on August 25, 2014.

On December 19, 2013, Vladimir Putin said at his annual press conference that Khodorkovsky, according to his request, would soon be pardoned.

Putin explained Khodorkovsky's pardon on humanitarian grounds related to his mother's illness. The next morning the decree was signed, and Khodorkovsky was released. In total, the businessman spent more than 10 years in prison, according to accurate press estimates - 3,709 days.

Khodorkovsky was released so hastily that he was not given a release certificate and was not given time to change his prisoner’s suit to civilian clothes. He left the colony in Segezha in an official car of the Federal Penitentiary Service, which proceeded to the Reception House of the Federal Penitentiary Service, and from there to the Petrozavodsk airport.

There, a standard Tu-134 plane was waiting for him, on which Khodorkovsky arrived at St. Petersburg Pulkovo airport, where he was released by a convoy. From Pulkovo on a private Cessna plane provided by the former head of the German Foreign Ministry Hans-Dietrich Genscher, flew to Berlin.

In a special statement from Khodorkovsky, distributed upon his arrival in Berlin, it was clarified that the question of admitting guilt was not raised in the petition for pardon due to family circumstances sent to Putin on November 12.

The release of Khodorkovsky was welcomed by the authorities of the USA, Great Britain, Germany, and the European Union.

On the night of December 22, 2013, while in Berlin, Khodorkovsky gave his first television interview in freedom to journalists from the Dozhd channel and Mikhail Zygar.

At a large press conference in Berlin at the Berlin Wall Museum at the former Checkpoint Charlie on December 22, Khodorkovsky announced that after gaining freedom he had no plans to engage in business or politics or sponsor the Russian opposition; he intends to concentrate on social activities, including the release of political prisoners in Russia.

In March 2014, Khodorkovsky settled in the Swiss community of Rapperswil-Jona in the canton of St. Gallen. In this place, he rented a villa overlooking Lake Zurich for 11.5 thousand francs a month. Received a residence permit in Switzerland.

On March 9, 2014, he spoke in Kyiv on Maidan Nezalezhnosti, where he criticized the Russian authorities, and called those whom Russian federal channels call “Ukrainian nationalists” “wonderful people who defended their freedom.”

On September 20, 2014, Khodorkovsky announced the launch of an updated political project, “Open Russia,” which he was involved in before he was imprisoned by a court decision.

Rumors (scandals)

On June 26, 1998, the mayor of Nefteyugansk was killed Vladimir Petukhov. According to the Prosecutor General's Office, the perpetrators of the murder are considered to be former special forces soldiers, Evgeniy Reshetnikov And Gennady Tsegelnik.

The organizer of the 2007 assassination attempt was found by the court to be the former head of the internal security service department of the YUKOS company. Alexey Pichugin. Currently, Tsegelnik, Reshetnikov and Pichugin are in prison.

Another defendant, YUKOS co-owner Leonid Nevzlin, whom the Prosecutor General's Office considers the customer, is currently abroad. It is inaccessible to Russian justice. The investigation failed to prove Khodorkovsky's involvement in the mayor's murder. However, many media outlets directly accused Khodorkovsky of murder.

Thus, according to a number of media reports, the mayor of Nefteyugansk was the first to openly oppose YUKOS, demanding that the oligarchs return unpaid taxes to the city. For this, according to investigators, reprisals were committed against him.

On June 28, 2005, a “letter of fifty” was published in the Izvestia newspaper as an advertisement.- “Appeal from cultural figures, scientists, and members of the public in connection with the sentence imposed on the former leaders of NK YUKOS,” expressing support for the guilty verdict. The authors of the letter expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that “the voices of those who doubt the fairness of the decisions made have begun to be heard with renewed vigor,” and the discussion of the verdict, in their opinion, “is in the nature of discrediting the entire judicial system, the state and society and calls into question the foundations of law and order in the country ".

On September 11, 2009, four years after the publication of the “letter of fifty,” the famous figure skater Irina Rodnina stated that she did not sign this letter and condemned the very form of such treatment.

Another of the signatories, Anastasia Volochkova, on February 2, 2011, in an interview with Radio Liberty, she explained her signature as a misunderstanding, as a result of which United Russia was misled about the contents of the letter. He expressed regret about his signature on this letter Alexander Buynov: “I have a feeling that I got into trouble then. In any case, there are crazy actions that are embarrassing... If the Radio Liberty interview is enough for me to renounce, I’m ready to say it now.”

Columnist of the Rosbalt Information Agency Alla Yaroshinskaya connects the release of Khodorkovsky not with the possibility of a boycott by Western countries of the upcoming 2014 Olympics in Sochi, but with the likely exchange of Khodorkovsky for the release of two Russian intelligence officers imprisoned in Germany.

In April 2014, Mikhail Khodorkovsky opened a “congress of Russian and Ukrainian intelligentsia” in Kyiv., which has already been called the “congress of the fifth column”.

Opposition politicians, liberal journalists and writers gathered in Kiev with the goal of “developing in two days of work a “road map” for the reconciliation of Russia and Ukraine. Among the participants in the congress were oppositionist Boris Nemtsov, an “anti-Crimean” State Duma deputy, a poet, a political scientist, and others. media persons.

In November 2014, Mikhail Khodorkovsky announced that he had agreed with a blogger to establish a “bonus for victims of the Russian judicial and law enforcement system.”

In December 2014, when asked how much money he had left, Khodorkovsky said he has a fortune of more than $100 million, and the money is in Swiss banks. Moreover, Khodorkovsky admitted that in Russia his money is considered “stolen from the state.”

However, in April 2015 it became known that the ex-head of Yukos and his close business partners own assets worth a total of $2 billion. Forbes magazine reported this.

It turns out that Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Platon Lebedev, Vladimir Dubov and Mikhail Brudno control six trust funds from the island of Guernsey that own the Quadrum Atlantic SPC fund.

In turn, this fund is managed by Quadrum Global, which owns large real estate properties in the United States. According to Forbes, Khodorkovsky and partners own offices and nine hotels in the United States in New York, Chicago, Orlando and Miami Beach.

November 20, 2015 in Vienna On November 20, the premiere of the opera “Khodorkovsky” took place in Vienna at the Siren Opera House.

“The performance is based on the “royal drama” between Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Vladimir Putin and covers the time period from 1989 to 2013. The main part of the libretto was written back in 2013 before the sudden release of the former head of Yukos from prison.”, - reported on the website of the ex-head of YUKOS.

In January 2016, a scandal broke out around the photograph on RuNet., where the producer, known for his pro-state position, Joseph Prigogine and his wife is a singer Valeria were photographed in company with the ex-head of YUKOS Mikhail Khodorkovsky and the editor-in-chief of Ekho Moskvy.

Khodorkovsky himself, posting a photo on his Instagram, called this meeting “pleasant”: “Pleasant random meetings... But there is no need to build a conspiracy theory.”

It turned out that the ex-head of YUKOS is currently in London, where producer Prigozhin came on tour with his wife.

Criticism immediately erupted on the Internet, both towards Prigozhin and Valery from patriotic Runet users, and towards Venediktov and Khodorkovsky from the liberal audience.

At the end of January 2016 it became known that Khodorkovsky will sponsor the non-systemic opposition in the parliamentary elections in 2016.

The list of candidates for State Duma deputies, who will receive financial assistance from former Yukos head Mikhail Khodorkovsky as part of the Open Elections project, will include the entire spectrum of the opposition - from defenders of the rights of truckers to associates of Alexei Navalny.

In the forefront, an opposition activist, a defendant in the “Bolotna case” who was included in the amnesty, has already declared her desire to receive the support of the ex-head of YUKOS.

In February 2016, Interpol put Mikhail Khodorkovsky on the wanted list. in the case of the murder of the mayor of Nefteyugansk Vladimir Petukhov.

Khodorkovsky himself said that he is not worried about being wanted by Interpol. He is confident that Switzerland will not extradite him to Russia.

For ten years, Mikhail Khodorkovsky's wife Inna Valentinovna supported her husband while he was serving his sentence on charges of embezzlement and tax evasion. When Khodorkovsky was convicted, he was a co-owner and head of the Yukos oil company, and one of the richest people in the world, and while in prison, Mikhail Borisovich once again realized that the most important thing a person has is his family. Marriage to Inna is the second in the biography of Mikhail Khodorkovsky. He got married for the first time during his student years, when, like his first wife Elena Dobrovolskaya, he studied at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. They were brought together by social work - Mikhail was the deputy secretary of the Komsomol committee, and Elena was a member of the Komsomol committee.

The son Pavel, whom Elena gave birth to, did not save the family from divorce - their life together did not last long, and they parted peacefully and without mutual reproaches. Khodorkovsky never forgot about his first family, he always supported his ex-wife and son financially, and helped Pavel get an education abroad.

In the photo - Mikhail Khodorkovsky with his wife and daughter

Khodorkovsky had an office affair with his second wife - Inna worked at the Menatep bank, which was headed by Mikhail Borisovich - she was an expert in foreign exchange transactions. The oligarch’s second wife spent her childhood in Medvedkovo, where she lived with her mother and sister in a communal apartment. Inna began dating Khodorkovsky when he was still married, they began to live together, were in no hurry to enter into an official marriage, and got married only after their daughter was born.

In the photo - Mikhail and Inna Khodorkovsky

Inna combined work with study at the Moscow Art Institute, but after she married Khodorkovsky, she gave up both. In 1991, their first child was born - daughter Nastya, and eight years later twins appeared in the family - Gleb and Ilya. Their life together began in a rented apartment, then continued on Rublyovka in a holiday home, and they built their own house in Zhukovka only a few years later. Later, the Khodorkovskys acquired a mansion in the Old Arbat area.

While Mikhail was in charge of YUKOS, Inna took care of the house and raising children. The eldest daughter studied at an elite school, and the sons were still small. When their father was arrested, they were only four years old, and at the time Khodorkovsky was released in 2013, his children were already living and studying in Switzerland.

All the years of imprisonment, Mikhail Borisovich’s wife lived in constant fear and a state of uncertainty about the future. For ten years, she went on dates with her husband, prepared packages for him, brought photos of her children and talked about the achievements of her growing children. Inna always said that Mikhail, whom she married at seventeen, is the most precious thing she has in her life.

When he was arrested, she was in a state of shock for two years and was kept on only sedatives. Inna Valentinovna saw an outlet in children, fear for whose future helped her find strength in herself and live on.

During this time, the eldest son Pavel from Khodorkovsky’s first marriage managed to get married and had a daughter, Diana. He lives in America and heads the Institute of Modern Russia.

In the photo - Khodorkovsky with his sons

A year after his release, Mikhail Borisovich and his family settled in Switzerland, where they received a residence permit. They live in the Swiss community of Rapperswil-Jona in the canton of St. Gallen, where they rented a villa overlooking Lake Zurich, and immediately after his release, Khodorkovsky flew to Germany, where he gave his first interview at a big press conference, in which he emphasized that he had no plans engage in politics and business, and plans to engage in social activities.

Mikhail Khodorkovsky still owns the Quadrum Atlantic SPC investment fund with assets worth two billion dollars, and Mikhail Borisovich's total wealth as of the summer of 2016 was estimated at approximately five hundred million dollars.

Mikhail Khodorkovsky is a businessman, ex-owner of the Yukos company. In 2003 he became the richest citizen of the country. His assets were estimated at $15 billion. Two years later, he was accused of tax evasion and sentenced to 13 years in prison. And the Yukos company became bankrupt. In this article we will find out who Khodorkovsky is and briefly describe his biography. So let's get started.

Childhood

1963 is the year when Mikhail Khodorkovsky was born. The family of the future oligarch lived modestly and even poorly. The boy's parents worked as simple engineers at the Kalibr plant, which produced precision measuring equipment. Until 1971, the Khodorkovsky family lived in a communal apartment. Then they got their own apartment.

Studies

From childhood, the boy was interested in chemistry and natural experiments. The parents decided to develop this talent in their son. They sent little Khodorkovsky to a school with in-depth study of mathematics and chemistry. The boy studied quite well. After graduating from school, Mikhail entered the University of Chemical Technology. He was considered the best student of the course. And this despite the fact that due to lack of funds he had to earn extra money. In 1986, the hero of this article received a honors diploma as a process engineer.

Immediately after graduating from university, Mikhail Khodorkovsky organized the Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of Youth (NTTM). This was the young man’s first business project, from which he earned good money. In parallel with this activity, Mikhail received a second higher education at the Plekhanov Institute. There he met Alexei Golubichev, who was a relative of a major official of the State Bank of the USSR. This predetermined Khodorkovsky's fate.

Bank "Menatep"

Meeting Golubichev helped Mikhail in organizing his own business. In 1989, Khodorkovsky opened the commercial bank Menatep, becoming the head of the board. He also received a license from the State Bank, which allowed him to carry out monetary transactions with Rosvooruzheniye, the Ministry of Finance and the Tax Service.

New position

By 1992, many businessmen already knew who Khodorkovsky was. Having secured the acquired connections, Mikhail decided to expand the business and switched to the oil sector. Soon he was appointed to the post of chairman of the fuel and energy complex and the Industrial Investment Fund. Thanks to this position, Mikhail Borisovich received all the powers and rights of the Deputy Minister of Energy and Fuel. A few months later, the future tycoon officially took over this post. To get this job, Khodorkovsky had to give up his position as head of the Menatep bank. But in fact, the reins of power remained in his hands.

Change of strategy

At that time, Mikhail Borisovich seriously thought about the reorganization of Menatep Bank. He decided to reconsider his strategy. Now the bank focused exclusively on large clients who not only carried out financial transactions, but also used organizational services in terms of resolving issues of a state nature. Over time, Menatep completely switched to the investment industry. The main areas of activity were construction materials, metallurgy, as well as the chemical and food industries.

"YUKOS"

In 1995, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets received from Khodorkovsky an offer to exchange 10% of the shares of Menatep Bank for 45% of the shares of YUKOS. At that time, this state-owned oil refinery was in crisis. Soon an auction was held, as a result of which the agreed percentage of shares became the property of Menatep Bank. Then Mikhail found several investors and bought another 33% of Yukos shares. According to some sources, it cost him $300 million. Later, the hero of our story increased the size of his package to 90%.

Now everyone knows who Khodorkovsky is. Mikhail Borisovich became the full owner of YUKOS. He immediately set about bringing the company out of the crisis. But Menatep’s assets were not enough to accomplish the task. The oligarch attracted money from third-party banks and within six years brought Yukos out of the crisis. The company led the global energy market with a capital of approximately $40 million. And the hero of this article became one of the wealthiest people in the Russian Federation.

The case of Mikhail Khodorkovsky

In October 2003, the oligarch was arrested at the Novosibirsk airport. Mikhail was charged with tax evasion and theft of government funds. After this, the Yukos office was searched, and all the company’s accounts and shares were seized by the State Prosecutor’s Office. Subsequently, the court confirmed the version of the investigation, according to which Khodorkovsky organized a criminal group in 1994. Its main activity was aimed at acquiring shares of various companies through illegal means at a reduced cost. The securities were then sold at the market rate.

As a result of the court case, the Yukos company began to slowly “fall apart.” Oil exports were stopped, and all the assets of the enterprise were used to pay off the debt to the state. Khodorkovsky was sentenced in May 2005. Mikhail was sentenced to 8 years in prison. The investigation into other Yukos managers continued.

Second thing

Its first results appeared in 2006. A second criminal case was opened against Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Platon Lebedev (head of the board of directors of Menatep). This time they were charged with oil theft. The indictment consisted of 14 volumes. Khodorkovsky himself called this complete absurdity. After all, if he managed to steal all the oil, which is about 350 million tons, then how could he pay taxes and salaries to employees, as well as develop new fields?

The trial lasted four years. In 2010, Lebedev and Khodorkovsky were found guilty and sentenced to 14 years in prison on a combination of charges. A little later the period was reduced by 12 months. The convicts were transported to Segezha (Karelia). In Russia, a public discussion of this criminal case began. Several famous people condemned the former oil tycoon. Among them were Boris Nemtsov, Yuri Luzhkov, Boris Akunin and many others.

After release

In December 2013, Khodorkovsky was pardoned. The corresponding decree was personally signed by Vladimir Putin. As soon as the former head of Yukos, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, left prison, he went to Berlin to speak at a press conference. There, the ex-businessman declared his reluctance to engage in politics or sponsor the opposition of the Russian Federation. Mikhail Borisovich planned to engage exclusively in social activities aimed at the release of Russian political prisoners.

In 2014, after the coup in Ukraine, he came to Maidan and declared his readiness to become a peacemaker. He spoke before the people with harsh criticism of the Russian authorities. He called Ukrainian nationalists wonderful people who were able to defend their freedom.

In December 2015, Mikhail Khodorkovsky was put on the international wanted list and arrested in absentia. He has been charged with the murder of two or more people. Currently, the ex-businessman lives in Switzerland.

Personal life

Now you have an idea of ​​who Khodorkovsky is. All that remains is to talk about his personal life. Mikhail was married twice. He met his first wife, Elena, while still studying at the institute. In 1985, the girl gave birth to Khodorkovsky’s son, Pavel, who currently lives in the USA. According to Mikhail himself, his first marriage was unsuccessful. Nevertheless, he still maintains friendly relations with his ex-wife.

In 1991, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, whose biography was presented above, married for the second time. The oil tycoon's chosen one was an employee of Menatep Bank named Inna. In his second marriage, Mikhail found prosperity, mutual understanding and love. Soon, Inna gave birth to Khodorkovsky’s daughter Anastasia, and in 1999, twins Ilya and Gleb (they are now studying and living in Switzerland).

No matter how difficult and aggravated by life’s difficulties the life of Russian billionaires may be, one cannot but take into account the people who have been with them and supported them for many years, during all their ups and downs, major successes and failures. One of these people was Mikhail Khodorkovsky’s second wife, Inna Valentinovna. This is exactly what will be discussed in today’s article.

A few words about Khodorkovsky

Once the richest man in the country, whose name is now known to every politically educated Russian, the informal leader of the Russian oil industry, a Jew by birth, Mikhail Yakovlevich Khodorkovsky, became especially widely known in 2003. This happened after the oligarch was sentenced to prison. The judiciary accused Khodorkovsky of the largest tax fraud in Russian history. Khodorkovsky himself, in response to the actions of the investigative authorities, stated that the authorities were persecuting him for political reasons.

A large-scale PR campaign was carried out in defense of Mikhail Yakovlevich Khodorkovsky, which in the first months of his arrest was active in defending his rights. However, just a year after the conviction, the initial scope of the campaign was significantly reduced.

Khodorkovsky was sentenced to nine years in prison (later reduced to eight years) and sent to a penal colony near the Siberian city of Krasnokamensk.

In 2010, Khodorkovsky was charged again with causing financial damage to Yukos in the amount of $30 billion and subsequently laundering more than half of this money. This time, the entrepreneur and his partner were sentenced to 14 years in prison. This case, however, did not receive such wide publicity among the public.

What warms the soul of an oil tycoon

The period of serving a criminal sentence for Mikhail Khodorkovsky ended on December 20, 2013. He will, without a doubt, remember this day for a long time, because it was then that he regained the much-desired freedom and had the opportunity to reunite with his family.

The businessman himself frankly notes in one of his interviews that the most difficult test for him during ten years in the colony was separation from his wife and children.

According to people familiar with Khodorkovsky before the Yukos story, Mikhail Yakovlevich, although he looked like a sophisticated and somewhat shy Jewish intellectual, was in fact a cruel, purposeful and quite powerful person, ready to lead the public masses. Despite this, the main place in his non-political life was given to his family.

Elena and Inna

Khodorkovsky was married twice. Mikhail Yakovlevich decided to connect his life with his first wife, Elena Dobrovolskaya, during his student years. In 1985, Elena gave birth to a son, Pavel, but the marriage did not last long. Despite this, the ex-spouses still maintain a fairly warm and close relationship.

Khodorkovsky married for the second time in 1990. His chosen one this time was Inna Valentinovna Khodorkovskaya, at that time a junior employee of Menatep Bank.

Read below about how the life of Khodorkovsky’s second wife developed before her husband’s arrest, during it and today.

Life before meeting Khodorkovsky

What episodes from the biography of Inna Khodorkovskaya do we know? Unfortunately, not so much. Before meeting her husband, she was not a media personality, and now not much information related to Inna Khodorkovskaya’s personal life is stored on the Internet.

First of all, it is worth noting that the wife of the former oil tycoon was born in 1969 in Moscow. Inna Khodorkovskaya received her secondary education at a regular school in Medvedkovo. After graduation, she entered the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. Mendeleev. According to Inna Valentinovna herself, chemistry has been her favorite subject since her school years.

Simultaneously with her studies at the university, Inna Valentinovna’s career began: at the beginning of her career, she worked as an accountant in the Komsomol, where she kept records of Komsomol contributions.

First meeting

Later, in 1987, Inna Valentinovna took the post of secretary of the Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of Youth, the founder of which was her future husband. After working there for several years, she became an expert in one of the financial departments of the Menatep bank, where the meeting took place that determined the fate of the Khodorkovsky couple. A kind of office romance began between them, which very soon grew into a strong love relationship, where both were completely confident in each other.

Family life

As noted earlier, along with her studies at the university, Inna Valentinovna built a career. However, she never received a higher education. Already in April 1991, Mikhail and Anna Khodorkovsky had their first child, daughter Anastasia. After this, the couple officially registered the marriage (which became the second for Mikhail Yakovlevich).

Two years later, also in April, but already in 1999, there was an addition to the Khodorkovsky family - Inna Valentinovna gave her husband two twins - Gleb and Ilya. From that moment on, she left work and school and devoted all her free time to raising her children.

Eldest daughter Nastya

The Khodorkovskys’ eldest daughter studied at one of Moscow’s elite private gymnasium schools. The girl was brought to school every day, guarded throughout the school day, and then escorted home. The year her father was arrested, government officials came to the school and demanded to provide lists of all students. However, the director responded to this demand with a decisive refusal.

In 2008, Anastasia successfully graduated from school and entered the psychological faculty of the Russian State Humanitarian University. The parents urged their daughter to choose a more applied direction, but in the end they agreed with her opinion.

At the time of her father’s arrest, Anastasia was still in school. Nevertheless, she supported her father, regularly went to meetings with him and read all the articles that Mikhail Khodorkovsky wrote, even while in prison.

Arrest of Mikhail Khodorkovsky

In October 2003, Mikhail Yakovlevich Khodorkovsky was arrested while flying on a private plane. He was charged with especially grand theft and tax evasion. The following month, the ex-millionaire left his post as head of the Yukos oil company, and in 2005 he and his business partner Platon Lebedev were found guilty under six articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and sentenced to nine years in prison. Later, another charge was added to this, according to which both entrepreneurs were supposed to be released only in 2017.

Reaction of Khodorkovsky's wife

During the entire period of the trial, Inna Khodorkovskaya was next to her husband. On May 31, 2005, together with him, she heard a guilty verdict, which separated the couple for 9 long years. However, the separation was unable to destroy their strong union, the basis of which has always been and remains to this day love.

All these years, almost 10 years, Inna Valentinovna went on visits to her husband in the colony, bringing him parcels and photographs of children who were forced to grow up without a father. It was Inna Khodorkovskaya’s children who supported her during that difficult period, becoming the center of her life. For their sake, she fought against the oppressive system and arbitrariness on the part of the authorities. Today, Inna Khodorkovskaya is a woman with a persistent spirit and the belief that for the sake of her family - children and husband - she is ready to overcome any obstacles in life.

For Khodorkovskaya, throughout all the years of separation, the main thing was that her husband would finally be released. It was unbearably difficult for her to realize the difficulties he had to face every day.

Describing the conditions of her husband’s detention, she says that it was during their visits that she learned what true unfreedom was like. Only a small room and a dark corridor.

• No possibility of free movement.
• You can't make phone calls.
• You cannot go outside and breathe the air that is not a prison cell.
• You cannot see the sky and look at the forest.

Few people are able to survive in such conditions for more than a week. Mikhail Khodorkovsky had to exist in them for years.

Possibility of emigration

The couple repeatedly discussed the possibility of moving abroad long before Khodorkovsky's arrest. But the plans remained plans. Only after his release in 2013 (by decision of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Khodorovsky was pardoned and released early) did the Khodorkovsky family leave Russia.